Tributyl compounds, also known as TBTs for short, are a type of organotin compounds with a variety of industrial uses. Even if they are useful, their negative impacts on the environment and public health have drawn a lot of attention.Tin atoms bound to four butyl groups form the basis of tributyl compounds, which is why the name "tributyl." TBTs are useful in a variety of sectors because of the characteristics that their molecular structure imparts. Their usage in marine paints as biocides is one well-known use. TBTs' antifouling qualities reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency by preventing the growth of algae, barnacles, and other organisms on ship hulls. They are also used as catalysts in organic synthesis, PVC stabilizers, and intermediates in the synthesis of other organotin chemicals.However, there are serious environmental consequences from the extensive usage of TBTs. TBTs are applied to ship hulls and then seep into the surrounding water, where they remain for a long time. Adverse impacts on non-target animals have been related to accumulation in marine habitats. For example, TBTs disrupt marine animals' reproductive processes, causing imposex in snails and shellfish. The development of male reproductive traits in female organisms is a process that disturbs population dynamics and endangers biodiversity.TBT contamination has also been found distant from the site of application in sediment and aquatic creatures, suggesting a global dissemination. Regulations have been implemented in numerous nations due to worries about their toxicity, bioaccumulation, and persistence. To lessen the impact of TBT-based antifouling paints on the environment, bans or limits on their use have been put in place.TBTs have negative effects on the environment in addition to being harmful to human health. Exposure to these compounds in the workplace might happen when they are produced, handled, or applied. Research has connected exposure to TBT to negative consequences on the human immune, neurological, and reproductive systems.Alternative antifouling agents and best practices for marine coatings have been developed as a result of efforts to mitigate the health and environmental dangers linked to TBTs. To lessen TBTs' long-term effects on ecosystems and human health, ongoing monitoring and cleanup efforts are crucial, as demonstrated by the compounds' longevity in the environment.
