A family of medications known as proteasome inhibitors prevents the big protein complexes known as proteasomes from breaking down damaged or superfluous proteins in cells. These medications cause the natural process of protein degradation to be disrupted by blocking proteasomes, which accumulates undesirable proteins and ultimately results in cell death. Proteasome inhibitors have demonstrated potential in the management of a number of malignancies, including blood cancers like multiple myeloma. Bortezomib, the first medication of its class to be licensed by the FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma, is one of the most well-known proteasome inhibitors. By attaching itself to the proteasome's catalytic site, boratezomib inhibits the enzyme's function and stops proteins from being broken down. This causes cancer cells to accumulate harmful proteins, which in turn causes apoptosis, or planned cell death. Carfilzomib is another proteasome inhibitor that has attracted interest recently. Carfilzomib binds to the catalytic site of the proteasome, just like bortezomib does, inhibiting it. Carfilzomib, on the other hand, has been shown to be more effective and selective than bortezomib, which makes it a more appealing alternative for the treatment of multiple myeloma, especially in patients who have relapsed or developed resistance to previous treatments.Proteasome inhibitors have demonstrated potential in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, in addition to multiple myeloma. To enhance treatment results and extend survival in cancer patients, these medications can be administered either alone or in conjunction with other chemotherapeutic medicines. Proteasome inhibitors can have adverse effects, such as fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and peripheral neuropathy, even when they are effective. Supportive care interventions can typically help minimize these adverse effects, which are generally controllable.To sum up, proteasome inhibitors are an effective class of medications for treating cancer, especially multiple myeloma. These medications cause cancer cells to die by interfering with the normal activity of proteasomes; this results in tumor shrinkage and better patient outcomes. New proteasome inhibitors and their possible uses in the treatment of cancer and other illnesses are still being investigated by ongoing research.
