A class of secondary metabolites called phenylpropanoids is produced from the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine. These substances are essential to several physiological processes in plants, such as pigmentation, pathogen defense systems, and responses to environmental stresses. Furthermore noteworthy are phenylpropanoids' contributions to the flavor, fragrance, and medicinal qualities of numerous goods obtained from plants. Coumarin is a well-known phenylpropanoids that gives some plants a sweet smell and is widely used in the fragrance business. Lignin is a polymer that is complex and plays a crucial role in supporting the structural integrity of plant cell walls. Plant tissues are more resistant to microbial assaults and environmental stressors because lignin increases the stiffness of their tissues. Within the kingdom of plants, flavonoids—a subclass of phenylpropanoids—are extensively dispersed and known for a variety of biological actions. Among these substances are anthocyanins, isoflavones, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, and flavanones. Flavonoids draw pollinators and seed dispersers and add to the vivid hues of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. They also have antioxidant qualities that are good for human health. Phenylpropanoids are known to have potential health advantages for humans in addition to their roles in plant development and defense. Numerous phenylpropanoids have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, which makes them useful as possible therapeutic agents and in conventional medicine. For instance, the possible cardiovascular advantages of resveratrol, a phenylpropanoid present in grapes and red wine, have been investigated. The phenylpropanoid pathway, a convoluted metabolic route involving multiple enzymes and intermediates, is the mechanism by which phenylpropanoids are produced. Numerous phenolic chemicals are produced by the pathway's branches, and each one has a distinct purpose inside the plant. Harnessing the potential of phenylpropanoids in agriculture, health, and other industries requires an understanding of their production and roles. To sum up, phenylpropanoids are a broad and significant class of secondary metabolites found in plants that have ramifications for human health, industry, and plant physiology. They are the focus of constant investigation and study due to their complex functions in plant development, defensive mechanisms, and medicinal qualities.
