Peptides, raw materials composed of short chains of amino acids, serve as fundamental building blocks for proteins. Smaller than proteins, peptides typically range from 2 to 50 amino acids, with some variants extending to hundreds. They play pivotal roles in various biological processes, contributing significantly to physiological functions within the human body. Classified based on function and structure, peptides encompass distinct types, including signal peptides guiding proteins to specific cellular locations, peptide hormones like insulin and growth hormone regulating bodily functions, and antibiotics such as colistin and gramicidin combating infections. Neuropeptides, found in the nervous system, act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, regulating pain, mood, and appetite. Some peptides serve as enzyme inhibitors, modulating biochemical reactions. Synthesized through protein biosynthesis, linking amino acids with peptide bonds, peptides can be naturally produced in the body or artificially generated using chemical or recombinant DNA technology. With diverse functions and therapeutic potential, peptides have garnered attention in medicine. Used as diagnostic tools, drug targets, or therapeutic agents, peptide-based drugs address conditions like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. The evolving field of peptide use in medicine and research is marked by ongoing studies exploring their applications and benefits.
