Hepatotoxins are substances that have the potential to cause damage to the liver, a vital organ responsible for metabolizing and detoxifying various compounds in the body. These toxins can disrupt the normal structure and function of the liver cells, leading to liver damage or dysfunction. Hepatotoxins encompass a diverse range of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, environmental pollutants, and natural toxins. Exposure to hepatotoxins can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. The liver plays a central role in processing and eliminating many substances from the body, and when exposed to high levels of hepatotoxins, it may struggle to cope with the detoxification process. This can result in inflammation, oxidative stress, and, in severe cases, cell death. Common symptoms of hepatotoxicity include jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea, and changes in the color of urine and stool. Chronic exposure to hepatotoxins is associated with an increased risk of liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification and regulation of hepatotoxins are critical for public health and safety. Regulatory agencies worldwide set guidelines to limit exposure to known hepatotoxins, and ongoing research aims to understand the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.
