Men are more likely to develop prostate cancer than other cancers, and these cases usually afflict older people. It starts in the prostate gland, a little, walnut-shaped organ situated in front of the rectum and beneath the bladder that is in charge of creating seminal fluid. Certain forms of prostate cancer can be aggressive and spread quickly, but most prostate cancers grow slowly and may not do much harm.Prostate cancer risk factors include age, as the disease is more likely to strike an older person, and family history, since those with close relatives who have had prostate cancer are more likely to get the disease themselves. Another factor is race: African American men have a higher risk of prostate cancer and more aggressive types of the illness. A diet that is low in fruits and vegetables and high in red meat may also raise the risk.In its early stages, prostate cancer may not exhibit any symptoms. On the other hand, when the cancer gets worse, symptoms including erectile dysfunction, blood in the urine or semen, difficulty urinating, frequent urination, back, or chest discomfort, and weakness or numbness in the legs or feet may appear.A digital rectal exam (DRE), a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, and imaging tests such an ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or a biopsy are often used in conjunction for diagnosis. The PSA test quantifies the blood's concentration of PSA, a protein secreted by the prostate gland. Prostate cancer may be indicated by elevated PSA readings, although other disorders including inflammation or an enlarged prostate can also result in elevated PSA levels.The stage and severity of the cancer, in addition to the patient's general health and preferences, all influence the available treatment choices for prostate cancer. Treatment options include radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery to remove the prostate gland (prostatectomy). Active surveillance involves closely monitoring the cancer while delaying treatment until it worsens.Prostate cancer generally has a good prognosis, especially when detected early in the disease. Advanced prostate cancer, however, may be more difficult to treat and necessitate a mix of treatments. To improve results and lower the risk of complications from prostate cancer, routine tests and early detection are essential.
