PGRs, or plant growth regulators, are crucial instruments in contemporary agriculture because they provide exact control over a variety of
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PGRs, or plant growth regulators, are crucial instruments in contemporary agriculture because they provide exact control over a variety of plant growth and development processes. These substances, which are frequently related to naturally occurring plant hormones, are essential for controlling physiological processes such fruit ripening, root development, germination, and blooming. Growers can manage plant development in response to environmental circumstances, improve quality, and maximize crop yields by adjusting these processes.Growth stimulation or inhibition is one of PGRs' primary roles. For example, auxins stimulate cell elongation and play a critical role in root development and apical dominance. They are employed to control fruit growth and propagate plants from cuttings. Another class of PGRs that controls stem elongation, seed germination, and blooming is gibberellins. They are frequently used in crops to encourage consistent blooming and fruit set.On the other side, cytokinins increase plant vigor and longevity by encouraging cell division and delaying senescence. They are frequently employed in tissue culture methods to promote the growth of new shoots. One gaseous PGR that affects fruit ripening, floral senescence, and fruit and leaf abscission is ethylene. Its precise application can minimize post-harvest losses and synchronize fruit ripening.In addition to their functions in growth regulation, PGRs are essential for managing stress. For example, abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure and promotes seed dormancy to manage responses to environmental challenges including salinity and drought. Plant defense systems against pests and pathogens involve jasmonates and salicylic acid, which prime the plant for induced resistance.To get desired results without negative consequences, PGR administration involves careful consideration of dosage, timing, and application method. PGRs are being used more and more in modern agricultural methods in conjunction with other inputs, such as irrigation and fertilizers, to maximize resource efficiency and reduce environmental effect.In summary, farmers can precisely control plant growth and development by using plant growth regulators, which are strong instruments. It is possible to increase crop quality, increase agricultural output, and strengthen plants' resistance to environmental stressors by comprehending and utilizing the functions of different PGRs. In the midst of global difficulties, research into new PGRs and their application techniques promises to promote sustainable agriculture and ensure environmental sustainability as well as food security.
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