Eye diseases are a broad category of ailments that affect the structure and function of the eyes, potentially leading to vision impairment or blindness if not addressed. Some common eye illnesses are: Refractive Error: Myopia, often known as nearsightedness, causes people to have trouble seeing distant objects. Hyperopia, often known as farsightedness, impairs the ability to view close objects well. Astigmatism is a disorder characterized by an uneven curvature of the cornea or lens, which causes hazy vision. Cataracts: Cataracts occur when the eye's natural lens becomes cloudy, resulting in hazy or poor vision. Although age-related cataracts are widespread, other factors such as diabetes and trauma can also play a role. Glaucoma: Glaucoma is a category of eye disorders characterized by high intraocular pressure, which can damage the optic nerve. This frequently results in gradual peripheral vision loss, which, if ignored, can lead to blindness. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): AMD affects the macula, the core region of the retina, resulting in loss of central vision. There are two types: dry AMD, which advances slowly, and wet AMD, which causes aberrant blood vessel formation. Diabetic retinopathy: Diabetic retinopathy is caused by diabetes-related damage to the blood vessels in the retina, which can result in visual loss. Regular eye examinations are critical for early detection and treatment. Retinal Detachment: Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from the underlying layers, causing vision loss. Symptoms include flashes of light, floaters, and a curtain-like shadow in the visual field. Conjunctivitis: Conjunctivitis, often known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin, transparent layer that covers the white of the eye. Infections, allergies, and irritants are all potential causes. Keratoconus: Keratoconus is a gradual thinning of the cornea that results in a cone-like form. This distorts eyesight and may necessitate specialist contact lenses or, in extreme situations, surgery. Early detection and effective treatment are critical in controlling eye illnesses and maintaining eyesight. Regular eye checkups and a healthy lifestyle can help prevent and manage these diseases.
